美国驻华大使馆和领事馆

经济

经济

美国进入21世纪，经济空前强大，采取的多项措施也更为成功。美国的人口不足世界人口的5％，其经济产出却占全球25％以上。20世纪90年代，美国经济经历了历时最长的持续扩张。计算机、电信和生物科学领域的技术革新浪潮正在深刻地影响美国人的工作和生活方式。

美国一直实行“市场经济”。美国人的信念是，由众多独立的买方和卖方的供需而不是政府或强大的个人利益来决定生产产品的种类、制定商品的价格，这样的经济将是运行最出色的经济。

除了信奉自由的市场可以提高经济效能外，美国人还将其视为推广其政治价值观的一种方法，尤其是他们对个人自由和政治多元化所承担的责任及其对权力不当集中的反对。美国人信仰“自由企业”，这并不排除政府的重要作用。美国人不时会依赖政府来瓦解那些权力过分发展以至于可能藐视市场力量的企业或者对其进行管理。他们依靠政府解决个体经济忽略的问题，如教育、环境保护等等。尽管提倡市场原理，他们有时候通过政府来发展新产业，有时甚至要在竞争中保护美国的企业。

在线阅读

一般

• USA Economy in Brief (published by Bureau of International Information Programs, U.S. Department of State) (PDF 3.75 MB)
• An Outline of the U.S. Economy (published by Bureau of International Information Programs, U.S. Department of State) (PDF 555 KB)
• Portrait of the USA: The Business of America (published by Bureau of International Information Programs, U.S. Department of State) (PDF 55 KB)
• The Beige Book: Current Economic Conditions

农业

• Agricultural Biotechnology (Electronic Journal, Bureau of International Information Programs, U.S. Department of State) (PDF 261 KB)
• U.S. Agricultural Trade: Trends, Composition, Direction, and Policy (CRS Report)(PDF 255 KB)
• The U.S. Farm Economy (CRS Report) (PDF 113 KB)
• Food and Agricultural Policy (United States Department of Agriculture)
• The Promise of Biotechnology (Electronic Journal, Bureau of International Information Programs, U.S. Department of State) (PDF 2.1 MB)

商务

• Entrepreneurship and Small Business (Electronic Journal, Bureau of International Information Programs, U.S. Department of State) (PDF 1.55 MB)
• Principles of Entrepreneurship (published by Bureau of International Information Programs, U.S. Department of State) (PDF 2.42 MB)
• Promoting Growth Through Corporate Governance (Electronic Journal, Bureau of International Information Programs, U.S. Department of State) (PDF 1.12 MB)
• Small Business and the Corporation (Chapter 4, An Outline of the U.S. Economy, Bureau of International Information Programs, U.S. Department of State) (PDF 495 KB)

金融

• A Guide to the National Banking System (U.S. Department of the Treasury) (PDF 499 KB)
• Monetary and Fiscal Policy (Chapter 7, An Outline of the U.S. Economy, Bureau of International Information Programs, U.S. Department of State) (PDF 495 KB)
• Monetary Policy Report to the Congress (Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System)
• The Federal Reserve System: Purposes & Functions (Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System)
• Overview of the President’s Budget (The White House)
• Introduction to the Federal Budget Process (PDF 167 KB)
• The Annual Budget Process (PDF 50 KB)
• The Congressional Appropriations Process: An Introduction (CRS Report) (PDF 177 KB)

外国援助

• Foreign Aid: An Introductory Overview of U.S. Programs and Policy (CRS Report) (PDF 626 KB)
• Foreign Aid in the National Interest: Promoting Freedom, Security and Opportunity (USAID)
• International Development Goals: Moving Forward (Electronic Journal, Bureau of International Information Programs, U.S. Department of State) (PDF 1.12 MB)
• Policy Framework for Bilateral Foreign Aid (USAID)
• U.S. Food Aid: Reducing World Hunger (Electronic Journal, Bureau of International Information Programs, U.S. Department of State) (PDF 2.39 MB)
• U.S. Foreign Assistance Reference Guide (State-USAID Joint Policy Council)

劳工

• Report on the American Workforce (published by the U.S. Department of Labor) (PDF 1.09 MB)
• Occupational Outlook Handbook (published by the Bureau of Labor Statistics of the U.S. Department of Labor)
• Women in the Labor Force: A Databook (published by the Bureau of Labor Statistics of the U.S. Department of Labor)
• Americans with Disabilities Act: Questions and Answers (published by the U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission)

贸易

• Benefits of Trade: Costs of Protectionism (Electronic Journal, Bureau of International Information Programs, U.S. Department of State) (PDF 2.84 MB)
• The Language of Trade (published by Bureau of International Information Programs, U.S. Department of State) (PDF 751 KB)
• Trade Agreements: Impact on the U.S. Economy (CRS Report) (PDF 159 KB)
• USTR Reports and Publications Home (Office of the United States Trade Representative)

互联网链接

一般